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VIDEO GULF WAR SYNDROME - Killing Our Own

Depleted Uranium for Dummies - The Most Toxic Battle In Western Military History

VIDEO: LEUREN MORET - CONNECTING THE DOTS

VIDEO Beyond Treason: Government Experimentation On Military & Civilian Populations

Walking Wounded - Old soldiers dont fade away

Depleted Uranium Comes Home

BATTLEFIELD RADIATION - DU vet: 'My days are numbered'

Part 1 Supplement To Fighting-Back Against The VAs New Agenda Re Disability Compensation

Fighting-Back Against The VAs New Agenda Of Reducing Or Taking-Away Veterans Service-Connected Disability Compensation

Review Of Stress-Disorder Cases Leaves Veterans In Jeopardy

Former Head Of Pentagon's Depleted Uranium Project Says Thousands Of Troops Are Sick And Dying From Illegal DU Use And Military's Failure To Admit Responsibility

Used once and thrown away: U.S. casualties from Iraq war hidden away at Walter Reed

A Lot of Talk While Veterans Continue to be Left Behind

How Depleted Uranium Weapons Are Killing Our Troops / The Use Of Depleted Uranium Weapons Is Illegal

Weapons Of Self-Destruction

Homeless Vets Wait Years For Aid

Knight Ridder Removes Article Highly Critical of VA

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Depleted Uranium: Dirty Bombs, Dirty Missiles, Dirty Bullets - A Death Sentence Here and Abroad

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Recruiting Lies vs Military Reality

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HOW DEPLETED URANIUM WEAPONS ARE KILLING OUR TROOPS

Posted By: ChristopherBollyn <Send E-Mail>
Date: Friday, 31 December 2004, 12:00 a.m.

The following document by Marion Fulk, a nuclear physical chemist, and Leuren Moret, a geo-scientist, provides a concise and essential explanation of the biological response to depleted uranium (DU) particulate internal exposure.

Military research laboratories report that the particulate effect of DU causes 1 million times more damage than the expected damage from the radiation effect alone - genetic damage. Cancer starts with a single alpha particle under the right conditions.

The following letter was written by Marion Fulk, former scientist with the Manhattan Project and nuclear physical chemist at the National [nuclear weapons] Laboratory at Livermore, California.

The letter is addressed to Dr. Chris Busby, a radiation expert who has written independent reports on low level radiation exposure for the British government and the European Parliament.

The use of depleted uranium weapons is causing a nuclear holocaust, with a global effect.

Leuren Moret,
Berkeley, California

December 14, 2004

Dr. Chris Busby
Green Audit
9 Prospect Street
Aberystwyth, Wales SY23 1JJ
United Kingdom

Dear Dr. Busby,

At your request, Marion Fulk and I are providing information and details on internal exposure to depleted uranium particulates.

Mr. Fulk is a nuclear physical chemist, retired from the Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory in Livermore, California. He conducted research on rainout of very fine radioactive particulates generated by atmospheric testing for the Nuclear Weapons Program. He holds a high level US Govt. clearance, and is an international expert on radiation and the biological effects from internal exposure.

I am the Past President of the Association for Women Geoscientists, with a background in the Geosciences. I have conducted extensive scientific research on atmospheric dust, the transport and cycling of radionuclides through the environment and through biological systems. I am recognized as an international expert, on the impact on global public health and the health of the environment, from radiation caused by atmospheric testing, nuclear power plants and depleted uranium.

Mr. Fulk and I are actively conducting research on the particulate effect, and internal radiation exposure. The particulate effect is newly recognized as a result of studies on the biological and medical effects of depleted uranium internal exposure.

THREE EFFECTS OF DEPLETED URANIUM INTERNAL EXPOSURE
Internal exposure to depleted uranium is known to have three separate effects which may or may not act together, which may occur at different times, or have delayed effects:

1. Chemical – changes in a substance due to an alteration of its chemical composition caused by changes in its atoms or molecules;

2. Radiological – changes when the nucleus of an isotope undergoes disintegration and releases energy in the form of alpha or beta particles and/or gamma rays. About 30% of radiation damage to cells is caused by the “bullet effect” of the alpha and beta particles tearing through the cells. About 70% of the damage is caused by changes in the cells and biological molecules from the energy dissipated along the pathway of the alpha and beta particles, and gamma rays;

3. Particulate – changes caused by the particle size, the most harmful being nano-particles which are defined as particles with a diameter of 0.1 micron and smaller.

Because you have already provided information about the chemical and radiological effects detailed in the ECRR Report (2003) and the CHERRIE Report (2004), this letter will primarily address the particulate effect.

THE PARTICULATE EFFECT

The “particulate effect” is a new phenomenon. It is now being recognized from research on nano-particles and from the effects of battlefield and downwind exposure to depleted uranium.

The resulting complex of diseases caused by depleted uranium and possible chemical exposure is known as Gulf War Syndrome (Table 1).

Depleted uranium gas and dust, formed on the battlefield, produces large numbers of extremely fine particles. The greatest number by mass on the battlefield are formed in the nano-particle range – 0.1 microns and smaller (1). Coincidentally, international funding and research in the new field of nano-technology has also provided details from studies on the effects of nano-particles, which until now have not been well studied. Recently discoveries have revealed that there is a particulate effect caused by these nano-particles in living tissues. There are now 16 peer-reviewed journals devoted to the new field of nano-technology.

In a normal air sample there are billions of dust particles in a range of sizes. For example there are 1 billion dust particles with a diameter of 0.1 micron per cubic meter. A diameter of 0.1 micron is about 100 times smaller than a blood cell. An average man breathes about 28 cubic meters of air per day, inhaling approximately 28 billion 0.1 micron particles.

This is also the peak population size of invisible atmospheric dust particles, which are transported around the world and remain permanently suspended until they are rained or snowed out of the atmosphere. Nano-particles remain suspended by Brownian motion, and do not behave like larger sized particles. They behave according to the rules of quantum mechanics.

Some nano-particles have catalytic and extraordinary electronic properties, like oxides of uranium, which behave in non-stoichiometric ways. Uranium is a very large and complex atom, with a large cloud of many electrons around the nucleus as well as in the outer shells. Uranium can act as a reducer, donating electrons, or as an oxidizer, scavenging or accepting electrons. Because uranium compounds are unpredictable in the way they behave, uranium is also biologically unpredictable. In this atmosphere of unpredictability characteristic of uranium, anything can happen.

Because uranium and phosphate have an interaction, uranium can interfere with biological processes where the phosphate structure is present. Examples are in the DNA, the histone or Master Code (2) which controls part of the _expression of the DNA, and fragments of the RNA which control part of the _expression of the DNA.

TRANSPORT AND EXPOSURE PATHWAYS

Exposure pathways for depleted uranium can be through the skin, by inhalation, and ingestion. Nano-particles have high mobility and can easily enter the body. Inhalation of nano-particles of depleted uranium is the most hazardous exposure, because the particles pass through the lung-blood barrier directly into the blood. In the blood they are transported throughout the body and may be filtered out by the tissues. Delivery to the cell systems is expedited by transport in the liposomes, and probably in cholesterol.

Because the depleted uranium particles are much smaller than the liposomes or cholesterol, their presence is masked or hidden from the cell defenses, and therefore can end up any place in the cell and tissues. Mild electric shocks can also transport things into cells, as was demonstrated in early lab experiments to modify genes, and the reported mixing of bacterial DNA from lightning strikes (3).

When inhaled through the nose, nano-particles can cross the olfactory bulb directly into the brain through the blood brain barrier, where they migrate all through the brain (4). Many Gulf-era soldiers exposed to depleted uranium have been diagnosed with brain tumors, brain damage, and impaired thought processes. Uranium can interfere with the mitochondria, which provide energy for the nerve processes, and transmittal of the nerve signal across synapses in the brain.

Damage to the mitochondria, which provide all energy to the cells and nerves, can cause chronic fatigue syndrome, Lou Gehrig’s disease, Parkinson’s Disease, and Hodgkin’s disease (5).

SIZE DETERMINES TOXICITY MORE THAN COMPOSITION

A limited number of animal studies have shown that inhaled nano-particles are more toxic than micro-sized particles of the same basic chemical composition (4). Top UK toxicopathologist Vyvyan Howard has reported that nano-particle toxicity is more related to their size than to the material they are made from (6). A good example is gold which is usually inert, but highly reactive at the nano-scale. Dr. Howard has claimed that nano-particles can move across the placental barrier from mother to fetus.

In a study on fish exposed to nano-particles reported by Jim Thomas in The Ecologist, “buckyballs” caused brain damage and genetic changes in fish (7). Prof. Guenter Oberdoester at the Univ. of Rochester Dept. of Environmental Medicine, reported that Teflon particles that were 0.13 microns in diameter (the size of a virus) caused no ill effects in mice. But when mice were exposed to nano-particles 0.02 microns in diameter for just 15 minutes, nearly all the mice were dead within 4 hours.

The exposure to nano-particles below a threshold size killed the mice, but there is no “dictionary disease” to explain the deaths, however the exposure had the effect of a disease.

Particles in the nano-particle range are a “new breed of cat”. They can get into vital process centers of the cell which larger diameter particles cannot reach. The processes are not fully understood.

Sincerely yours,

Leuren Moret and Marion Fulk
Berkeley & Livermore, California

REFERENCES:

1. “Characteristics of Particles and Particle Dispersoids”, HANDBOOK OF CHEMISTRY AND PHYSICS 53rd Edition (1961).
http://www.mindfully.org/Nucs/Particle-Dispersoids-TableSep61.htm

2. “Preferential Staining of Nucleic Acid-Containing Structures For Electron Microscopy” H. E. HUXLEY, Ph.D., and G. ZUBAY, Ph.D., Biophysical and Biochemical Cytology 11 (2): 273. (Nov 1961)
http://www.mindfully.org/Nucs/Huxley-Zubay-Staining1nov61.htm

3. “Isolation of Lightning-Competent Soil Bacteria” Hélène Cérémonie, François Buret, Pascal Simonet, and Timothy M. Vogel, Applied and Environmental Microbiology Journal (2004) V. 70 (10) p. 6342-6346.
http://aem.asm.org/cgi/content/abstract/70/10/6342?maxtoshow=&HITS=10&hits=10&RESULTFORMAT=&
searchid=1103085771679_2000&stored_search=&
FIRSTINDEX=0&firstpage=6342&fdate=1/1/2004&
journalcode=aem

4. AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY MEETING: “Nanomaterials Show Signs of Toxicity” by Robert F. Service, Science 11 April 2003; 300: 243
US Congress. 2003. House of Representatives. Committee on Science Hearing: The Societal Implications of Nanotechnology. April 9, 2003, 2318 Rayburn House Office Building.

5. “Sandia nanolaser may help extend life-spans by rapidly analyzing possible neuroprotectant drugs” by Neal Singer, Sept. 19, 2003, p.1.
http://www.sandia.gov/LabNews/LN09-19-03/key09-19-03_stories.html#nano

6. “Dangers come in small particles” Hazards Magazine August 2004.
http://www.hazards.org/nanotech/safety.htm

7. “Ten Toxic Warnings” by Jim Thomas, The Ecologist January 2004 p. 13.

The Bollyn Series on DU Weapons

THE USE OF DEPLETED URANIUM WEAPONS IS ILLEGAL 

Posted By: ChristopherBollyn <Send E-Mail>
Date: Friday, 31 December 2004, 1:54 p.m.

In Response To:

HOW DEPLETED URANIUM WEAPONS ARE KILLING OUR TROOPS

(ChristopherBollyn)

WHY IS DU WEAPONRY ALREADY ILLEGAL?

The depleted uranium (DU) weaponry that the United States is using in Iraq and Afghanistan, and has used in the former Yugoslavia, is clearly illegal.

This is an essential point that the public, and victims of DU poisoning, including U.S. veterans, need to understand and stress in their arguments against DU weapons.

DU weapons fail the 4 point legal test, as international lawyer Karen Parker describes below:

A weapon is made illegal two ways: (1) by adoption of a specific treaty banning it; and (2) because it may not be used without violating the existing law and customs of war. A weapon made illegal only because there is a specific treaty banning it is only illegal for countries that ratify such a treaty. A weapon that is illegal by operation of existing law is illegal for all countries. This is true even if there is also a treaty on this weapon and a country has not ratified that treaty.

The laws and customs of war (humanitarian law) includes all treaties governing military operations, weapons and protection of victims of war as well as all customary international law on these subjects. In other words, in evaluating whether a particular weapon is legal or illegal when there is not a specific treaty, the whole of humanitarian law must be consulted.

There are four rules derived from the whole of humanitarian law regarding weapons:

  1. Weapons may only be used in the legal field of battle, defined as legal military targets of the enemy in the war. Weapons may not have an adverse effect off the legal field of battle. (The "territorial" test).

  2. Weapons can only be used for the duration of an armed conflict. A weapon that is used or continues to act after the war is over violates this criterion. (The "temporal" test).

  3. Weapons may not be unduly inhumane. (The "humaneness" test).

  4. Weapons may not have an unduly negative effect on the natural environment. (The "environmental" test).

DU weaponry fails all four tests:

  1. It cannot be "contained" to legal fields of battle and thus fails the territorial test.

  2. It continues to act after hostilities are over and thus fails the temporal test.

  3. It is inhumane and thus fails the humaneness test. DU is inhumane because of how it can kill -- by cancer, kidney disease, etc. long after the hostilities are over. DU is inhumane because it causes birth (genetic) defects thus effecting children (who may never be a military target) and who are born after the war is over. The use of DU weapons may be characterized as genocidal by burdening gene pools of future generations.

  4. DU cannot be used without unduly damaging the natural environment and thus fails the environment test.

Source:
http://www.webcom.com/hrin/parker/du2000.html

Photo: The horrific effects of depleted uranium are well known but remain a suppressed subject in the U.S. controlled press.


Source:
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